앱바 민썜
Chpt 2
1. which of the following molecules orient themselves into sandwich-like membranes because of hydrophobic components within the molecule?
A.glycogen molecules B.cellulose molecules C.phospholipid molecules D. protein molecules
Answer: C
2. In the series of metabolic reactions shown above, C1 catalyzes the conversion of C to D, and C2 catalyzes the conversion of C to J. Assume that product E is an allosteric effector that inhibits enzyme D’. Normally, products E and L are consumed by other reactions. Which of the following would likely happen if product E were not consumed by other reactions?
A.The net rate of production of product B would decrease
B.The net rate of production of product C would decrease
C.The net rate of production of product D would decrease
D.The net rate of production of product J would decrease
Answer: C
3. In the series of metabolic reactions shown above, C’ catalyzes the splitting of C into D and J. Assume that product E is an allosteric effector that inhibits enzyme C’. If product E were not consumed in a subsequent reaction, which of the following would hikely happen?
A.The rate of production of product D would increase
B.The rate of production of product E would increase
C.The rate of production of product J would increase
D.The rate of production of all products-D, E, J, K and L–would increase
Answer: D
4. Each of the following molecules is a polymer EXCEPT
A.protein
B.glucose
C.cellulose
D.starch
Answer: B
5. For the graph given above, the two curves describe the potential energy of substances during the progress of chemical reaction. All of the following items could apply to this graph EXCEPT
A.Curve B would be showing the influence of an enzyme
B.The sum of energy in the products of reaction is less than the sum of energy in the reactants
C.The activation energy of this reaction could be given by X+Y+Z
D.This reaction graph could describe the reaction ATP = ADP+Pi
Answer: C
6. a monosaccharide
Answer: A
7. a polysaccharide
Answer: B
8. a polypeptide
Answer: D
9. a major component of cell membranes
Answer: C
10. Hydrophilic properties are characteristic of all of the following EXCEPT
A.polar molecules
B.molecules soluble in water
C.molecules that readily ionize in water
D.the long hydrocarbon chain components of some molecule
Answer: D
11. All of the following are carbohydrates EXCEPT
A.polypepide
B.glycogen
C.glucose
D.polysaccharide
Answer: A
Chpt 3.
The cellular structure that is involved in producing ATP during aerobic respiration is the
A.nucleus
B.nucleolus
C.chloroplast
D.mitochondrion
Answer: D
2. Which of the following cellular structures are common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
A.ribosomes
B.nucleoli
C.mitochondria
D.golgi bodies
Answer: A
3. The plasma membrane consists principally of
A.proteins embedded in a carbohydrate bilayer
B.phospholipids embedded in a protein bilayer
C.proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer
D.proteins embedded in a nucleic acid bilayer
Answer: C
4. When the concentration of solutes differs on the two sides of a membrane permeable only to water
A.water will move across the membrane by osmosis
B.water will move across the membrane by active transport
C.water will move across the membrane by plasmolysis
D.solutes will move across the membrane from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration
Answer: A
5. All of the following characterize microtubules EXCEPT
A.they are made of protein
B.they are involved in providing motility
C.they develop from the plasma membrane
D.they make up the spindle apparatus observed during cell division.
Answer: C
6. Lysosomes are
A.involved in the production of fats
B.involved in the production of proteins
C.often found near areas requiring a great deal of energy(in the form of ATP)
D.involved in the degradatino of cellular substances
Answer: D
7. Mitochondria
A.are found only in animal cells
B.produce energy(in the form of ATP) with the aid of sunlight
C.are often more numerous near areas of major cellular activity
D.are microtubule organizing centers
Answer: C
A. active transport
B. bulk flow
C. osmosis
D. facilitated diffusion
8. Movement of solutes across a plasma membrane from a region of higher solute concentration to a region of lower solute concentration with the aid of proteins
Answer: D
9. Movement of water across a membrane from a region of higher concentration of water to a region of lower concentration of water without the aid of proteins
Answer: C
10. Movement of urine through the urinary tract
Answer: B
11. Movement of solutes across a plasma membrane requiring the addition of energy
Answer: A
12. The movement of water out a cell resulting in the collapse of the plasma membrane is called
A.endocytosis
B.bulk flow
C.cell lysis
D.plasmolysis
Answer: D
13. The movement of molecules during diffusion can be described by all of the following EXCEPT
A.molecular movements are random
B.net movement of solute molecules is from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
C.each molecule moves independently of other molecules
D.solute molecules always move down the concentration gradient
Answer: D
14. Plant and animal cells differ mostly in that
A.only animal cells have mitochondria
B.only plant cells have plasma membranes with cholesterol
C.only plant cells have walls
D.only plant cells have ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: C
15. A smooth endoplasmic reticulum exhibits all of the following activities EXCEPT
A.assembling amino acids to make proteins
B.manufacturing lipids
C.manufacturing hormones
D.breaking down toxins
Answer: A
16. All of the following are known to be components of cell walls EXCEPT
A.phospholipids
B.chitin
C.polysaccharides
D.peptidoglycans
Answer: A
17. A saturated suspension of starch is enclosed in a bag formed from dialysis tubing, a material through which water can pass, but starch cannot. The bag with the starch is placed into a beaker of distilled water. All of the following are expected to occur EXCEPT
A.there will be a net movement of water from a hypotonic region to a hypertonic region
B.there will be a net movement of solute from a hypertonic region to a hypotonic region
C.the dialysis bag with its contents will gain weight
D.no starch will be detected outside the dialysis bag
Answer: B
18. As shown above, a tube covered on one end by a membrane impermeable to sucrose is inverted and half filled with distilled water. It is then placed into a beaker of 10% sucrose to a depth equal to the midpoint of the tube. Which of the following statements is true?
A.the water level in the tube will rise to a level above the water in the beaker
B.the water level in the tube will drop to a level below the water in the beaker
C.there will be no change in the water level of the tube, and the water in the tube will remain pure
D.the concentration of sucrose in the beaker will increase
Answer: B
Chpt 4
What is the value of the alcohol fermentation pathway?
A.it produces ATP
B.it produces lactate(or lactic acid)
C.it produces ADP for the electron transport chain
D.it replenishes NADso that glycolysis can produce ATP
Answer: D
2. What is the purpose of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
A.oxygen accepts electrons at the end of an electron transport chain
B.oxygen is necessary to carry away the waste CO2
C.oxygen is used in the formation of sugar molecule
D.the oxygen molecule becomes part of the ATP molecule
Answer: A
Questions 3-7 refer to the following diagram. The three boxes represent the three major biosynthetic pathways in aerobic respiration. Arrows represent net reactants or products
3. Arrow 2 is
A.O2
B.ATP
C.FADH2
D.pyruvate
Answer: D
4. Arrows 4, 8, and 12 could all be
A.NADH
B.ATP
C.H20
D.FADH2
Answer: B
5. Arrows 3 and 7 could both be
A.NADH
B.ATP
C.H20
D.FADH2
Answer: A
6. Arrow 9 could be
A.O2
B.ATP
C.H20
D.FAD+
Answer: A
7. Pathway B is
A.oxidative phosphorylation
B.photophosphorylation
C.the Krebs cycle
D.glycolysis
Answer: C
8. Which of the following sequences correctly indicates the potential ATP yield of the indicated molecues from greatest ATP yield to least ATP yield?
A.pyruvate, ethanol, glucose, acetyl CoA
B.glucose pyruvate, acetyl CoA, NADH
C.glucose, pyruvate, NADH, acetyl CoA
D.glucose, FADH2, NADH, pyruvate
Answer: B
Questions 9-10 refer to the following graph that shows the amount of CO2 that is released by plant cells at various levels of atmospheric oxygen
9. At levels of atmospheric O2 below 1%, the amount of CO2 released is relatively high. This is probably because
A.the Kreb’s cycle is very active
B.O2 is being converted to H2O
C.alcohol fermentation is occuring
D.there are insufficient amounts of coenzyme A
Answer: C
10. As levels at atmospheric O2 increase beyond 5%, the amounts of CO2 released increase. This is probably a direct reslut of
A.anincrease in glycolytic activity
B.a greater availability of appropriate enzymes
C.an increase in Krebs cycle activity
D.an increase in atmospheric temperature
Answer: C
11. All of the following processes produce ATP EXCEPT:
A.glycolysis
B.the Krebs cycle
C.lactic acid fermentation
D.oxidative phosphorylation of NADH
Answer: C
12. Chemiosmosis describes how ATP is generated from ADP. All of the following statements conform to the process as it occurs in mitochondria EXCEPT
A.H+ accumulates in the area between the membrane of the cristae and the outer membrane of the mitochondrion
B.a voltage gradient is created across the cristae membranes
C.a proton gradient is created across the cristae membranes
D.electrons flowing through the ATP synthase channel protein provide the energy to phosphorylate ADP to ATP
Answer: D
13. After strenuous exercise, a muscle cell would contain increased amounts of all of the following EXCEPT
A.ADP
B.CO2
C.lactate(or lactic acid)
D.glucose
Answer: D
14. All of the following statements about cellular respiration are true EXCEPT
A.some of the products from the breakdown of proteins and lipids enter the Krebs cycle
B.if oxygen is present, water is produced
C.the purpose of oxygen in aerobic respiration is to donate the electrons that transform NAD-+H+ to NADH
D.lactate or ethanol is produced when oxygen is unavailable
Answer: C
15. All of the following processes release CO2 EXCEPT
A.the Kreb’s cycle
B.alcohol fermentation
C.oxidative phosphorylation
D.the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol
Answer: C
Chpt 5
Which of the following statements about photosynthetic pigments is true?
A.there is only one kind of chlorophyll
B.Chlorophyll absorbs mostly green light
C.Chlorophyll is found in the membranes of thylakoids
D.P700 is a carotenoid pigment
Answer: C
2. When deciduous trees drop their leaves in the fall, the leaves turn to various shades of red, orange and yellow. The sources of these colors is
A.chlorophyll
B.carotenoids
C.fungal growth
D.natural decay of cells walls
Answer: B
3. A product of noncyclic photophosphorylation is
A.NADPH
B.H2O
C.CO2
D.ADP
Answer: A
4. Which of the following molecules contains the most stored energy?
A.ATP
B.NADPH
C.glucose
D.starch
Answer: D
5. All of the following occur in cyclic phosphorylation EXCEPT
A.electrons move along an electron transport chain
B.electrons in chlorophyll become excited
C.ATP is produced
D.NADPH is produced
Answer: D
A. cyclic photophosphorylation
B. noncyclic photophosphorylation
C. photorespiration
D. Calvin cycle
6. Combines O2 with RuBP
Answer: C
7. Stores energy obtained from light into NADPH
Answer: B
8. Produces ATP without the need for H20 and CO2
Answer: A
9. Occurs in the stroma of a chloroplast
Answer: D
10. Requires electrons that are obtained by splitting water
Answer: B
Questions 11-14 refer to the following diagram. The two boxes represent the two major biosynthetic pathways in C3 photosynthesis. Arrows represent reactants or products
11. Arrow 1 could represent
A. ATP
B. H20
C. O2
D. CO2
Answer: B
12. Arrow 3 could represent
A. NADPH
B. ADP
C. O2
D. electrons
Answer: B
13. Arrow 4 could represent
A. NADPH
B. ADP
C. glucose
D. electrons
Answer: A
14. Arrow 7 represents
A. ATP
B. NADPH
C. light
D. CO2
Answer: D
15. All of the following are true about photosynthesis EXCEPT
A. the Calvin cycle usually occurs in the dark
B. the majority of the light reactions occur on the stroma membranes in the chloroplast
C. Light energy is stored in ATP
D. A proton gradient drives the formation of ATP from ADP+Pi
Answer: A
Questions 16-17 refer to the following graph that show the relationship between CO2 uptake by leaves and the concentrations of O2(percent of atmosphere in growth chambers) and CO2 (ppm in growth chambers)
16. The relative CO2 uptake is a measure of
A.photosynthetic rate
B.light intensity
C.leaf size
D.leaf temperature
Answer: A
17. According to the graph, the relative CO2 uptake is best under which of the following conditions?
A. 100ppm CO2, 20% O2
B. 100ppm CO2, 80% O2
C. 200ppm CO2, 20% O2
D. 200ppm CO2, 80% O2
Answer: C
Chpt 6
Insulin is a signaling molecule that
A.is a ligand for membrane receptor protein
B.is a ligand for an intracellular receptor protein
C.enters the nucleus and acts as a transcription factor
D.is a second messenger that activates cAMP
Answer: A
2. Cortisol is a steroid signaling molecule that communicates its signal by
A.binding to a membrane receptor protein
B.binding to an intracellular receptor protein
C.binding to DNA
D.binding to mRNA
Answer: B
3. All of the following are second messengers EXCEPT“
A.cAMP
B.CA2+
C.IP3
D.binding to mRNA
Answer: D
4. Gap junctions and plasmodesmata allow signaling
A.by direct contact
B.across synapses that span the synaptic cleft between nerve cells
C.among nearby cells during early animal development
D.between different organs of a multicellular organism
Answer: A
5. Receptor protein activation occurs when
A.ADP is phosphorylated to ATP
B.ATP is converted to cAMP
C.there is a conformation change in the receptor protein
D.the receptor protein binds to a second messenger
Answer:C
6. A consequence of signaling cascade is that it
A.supplies energy to the cell
B.accelerates mRNA activity
C.is less susceptible to the impact of mutations
D.amplifies the signaling response
Answer: D
A. a protein kinase receptor
B. a G protein-coupled receptor(GPCR)
C. an intracellular receptor
D. a ligand-gated ion receptor
7. Nonpolar ligands bind to
Answer: C
8. An exchange of a GTP for a GDP in a membrane-bound protein is characteristic of
Answer: B
9. Dimerization and autophosphorylation are characteristic of
Answer: A
10. A second membrane-bound protein is activated by
Answer: B
11. Passageways allowing movement of substance across the membrane are characteristic of
Answer: D
12. Second messengers are generated by the action of
Answer: B
Chpt 7
If a cell has 46 chromosomes at the beginning of mitosis, then at the separation phase(anaphase) there would be a total of
A. 23 chromatids
B. 46 chromosomes
C. 46 chromatids
D. 92 chromosomes
Answer: D
2. If a cell has 46 chromosomes at the beginning of the first meiotic division, then at the separation phase of the first meiotic division(anaphase 1) there would be a total of
A. 23 chromosomes
B. 46 chromosomes
C. 46 chromatids
D. 92 chromosomes
Answer: B
3. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT
A. spindle fibers are composed largely of microtubules
B. Centrioles consist of nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a circle
C. All eukaryotic cells have centrioles
D. All eukaryotic cells have a spindle apparatus
Answer: C
A. anaphase(separation)
B. telophase(restoration)
C. prophase(condensation)
D. interphase(nondividing)
4. Cytokineses begins
Answer: B
5. Chromosomes begin migrating to opposite poles
Answer: A
6. MTOC’s migrate to opposite polies.
Answer: C
7. Chromosomes replicate
Answer: D
Questions 8-9 refer to the following figures
8. a zygote
Answer: A
9. a gamete
Answer: C
10. Crossing over occurs during which of the following prophase (condensation) events?
A.prophase of mitosis
B.prophase 1 of meiosis
C.prophase 2 of meiosis
D.prophase 1 and 2 of meiosis
Answer: B
11. In typical cell divisions, all of the following contribute to genetic cariation EXCEPT
A. anaphase(separation) of mitosis
B. anaphase(separation) of meiosis 1
C. fertilization
D. crossing over
Answer: A
Questions 12-16 refer to the cell illustrations below.
12. anaphase(separation) 2
Answer: C
13. metaphase(alignment) 2
Answer: B
14. metaphase(alignment) of mitosis
Answer: A
15. metaphase(alignment) 1
Answer: D
Chpt 8
Which of the following best expresses the concept of the world allele?
A. genes for wrinkled and yellow
B. genes for wrinkled and round
C. the expression of a gene
D. phenotypes
Answer: B
2. The ability to taste a chemical called PTC is inherited as an autosomal dominant allele. What is the probability that children can taste PTC if they are descended from parents who are both heterozygous for this trait?
A. 0
B. 1/4
C. 1/2
D. 3/4
Answer: D
3. In fruit flies, dumpy wings are shorter and broader than normal wings. The allele for normal wings(D) is dominant to the allele for dumpy wings(d). Two normal-winged flies mated and produced 300 normal-winged and 100 dumpy-winged flies. The parents were probably
A. DD and DD
B. DD and Dd
C. Dd and Dd
D. Dd and dd
Answer: C
4. Which of the following is true of the gametes produced by an individual with genotype Dd?
A. 1/2D and 1/2D
B. 1/2D and 1/2d
C. 1/2Dd and 1/2dD
D. all Dd
Answer: B
5. Suppose that in sheep, a dominant allele(B) produces black hair and a recessive allele(b) produces white hair. If you saw a black sheep, you would be able to identify
A. its phenotype for hair color
B. its genotype for hair color
C. the genotypes for only one of its parents
D. the phenotypes for both of its parents
Answer: A
A. 0
B. 1/16
C. 9/16
D. 1
6. From the cross CCSSxccss, what is the probability of having an offspring that is CcSs?
Answer: D
7. From the cross CcSsxCcSs, what is the probability of having an offspring that is ccss?
Answer: B
8. From the cross CcSsxCcSs, what is the probability of having an offspring that is normal for both traits?
Answer: C
9. If a dwarf red snapdragon is crossed with a white snapdragon homozygous for tall, what are the probable genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation?
A. all TtRR’(tall and pink)
B. all TtRR(tall and red
C. all TtR’R’(tall and white)
A. all ttRR(dwarf and red)
Answer: A
10. If ttRR’ is crossed with TtRR, what would be the probable frequency for offspring that are dwarf and white?
A. 0
B. 1/4
C. 1/2
D. 3/4
Answer: A
11. For the cross AABBCCDd x AAbbCcDd, what is the probability that an offspring will be AABbCcDd?
A. 1/16
B. 1/8
C. 1/4
D. 1/2
Answer: C
12. The inheritance of skin color in humans is an example of which of the following?
A. X-linked inheritance
B. codominance
C. polygenic inheritance
D. gene linkage
Answer: C
13. Red-headed people frequently have freckles. This is best explained by which of the following?
A. the genes for these two traits are linked on the same chromosome
B. the genes for these two traits are sex-linked
C. alleles for these two traits are codominant
D. both parents have red hair and freckles
Answer: A
14. Let A and a represent two alleles for one gene and B and b represent two alleles for a second gene. If for a particular individual, A and B were on one chromosome and a and b were on a second chromosome, then all of the following are true EXCEPT
A. the two genes are linked
B. the two chromosomes are homologous
C. all gametes would be either AB or ab
D. the genotype of this individual is AaBb
Answer: C
15. Four genes J, K, L and M reside on the same chromosome. Given that the crossover frequenc between K and J is 3, between K and L is 8, between J and M is 12, and between L and M is 7, what is the order of the genes on the chromosome?
A. J K L M
B. J K M L
C. K J L M
D. K J M L
Answer: C
A. XNXN
B. XNXn
C. XnY
D. XnY
16. Identify the genotype for individual 10
Answer: D
17. Identify the genotype for individual 5
Answer: B
18. Identigy the genotype for individual 14
Answer: B
19. In domestic cats, two alleles of a sex-linked gene code for hair color. One allele codes for orange hair, and the other allele codes for black hair. Cats can be all orange or all black, or they can be calico, a coat characterized by randomly arranged patches of ornage and black hair. Which respect to this gene, all of the following are true EXCEPT
A, a black female and an orange male can produce a black male cat
B. a black female and an orange male can produce a female calico cat
C. a calico female and an orange male can produce a female calico cat
D. a calico female and an orange male can produce a male calico cat
Answer: D
20. From which parents did a male with red-green color blindness inherit the defective allele?
A. only the mother
B. only the father
C. the mother or the father, but not both
D. both the mother and the father
Answer: A
21. A human genetic disorder that is cuased by nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes is
A. sicke-cell diesease
B. hemophilia
C. Down syndrome
D. Turner syndrome
Answer: D
22. Two genes, A and B, are linked. An individual who is AaBb produces equal numbers of four gametes AB, Ab, aB, and ab. The best explanation for this would be that
A. nondisjunction occurred.
B. the genes are on nonhomologous chromosomes
C. the two genes are close together on the same chromosome
D. the two genes are separated by a large distance on the same chromosome
Answer: D
Chpt 9
The two strands of a DNA molecule are connected by
A. hydrogen bonds between the codons and anticodons
B. hydrogen bonds between the bases of one strand and the bases of the second strand
C. covalent bonds between phosphate groups
D. covalent bonds between the nitrogen bases
Answer: B
2. All of the following combinations of nucleotides are examples of normal base-pairing EXCEPT
A. an adenine DNA nucleotide to a thymine DNA nucleotide
B. a guanine DNA nucleotide to a cytosine DNA nucleotide
C. a thymine RNA nucleotide to an adenine DNA nucleotide
D. a uracil RNA nucleotide to an adenine DNA nucleotide
Answer: C
3. Which of the following is true?
A. ribosomes contain RNA nucleotides and amino acids
B. the uracil nucleotide consists of the uracil nitrogen base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group
C. when tRNA attaches to mRNA during translation, cytosine nucleotides base-pair with guanine nucleotides, and adenine nucleotides base-pair with thymine nucleotides
D. in eukaryotes, DNA is manufactured in the nucleus and RNA is manufactured in the cytoplasm
Answer: A
4. All of the following enzymes are involved in DNA replication EXCEPT
A. helicase
B. DNA ligase
C. RNA polymerases
D. primase
Answer: C
5. ATP, the common energy-carrying molecule, most resembles the
A. adenine DNA nucleotide
B. adenine RNA nucleotide
C. adenine DNA nucleotide with two extra phosphates
D. adenine RNA nucleotide with two extra phosphates
Answer: D
6. The end products of translation are
A. amino acids
B. polypeptides
C. lipids
D. RNA molecules
Answer: B
7. Which of the following contains a cods for a protein
A. DNA polymerase
B. RNA polymerase
C. rRNA
D. mRNA
Answer: D
8. Which of the following changes following the start codon in the mRNA would most likely have toe greatest deleterious effect?
A. a deletion of a single nucleotide
B. a deletion of a nucleotide triplet
C. a single nucleotide substitution of the nucleotide occupying the first codon position
D. a single nucleotide substitution of the nucleotide occupying the third codon position
Answer: A
Questions 9-15 refer to the following diagram of DNA and RNA segments.
A. cytosine nucleotide
B. guanine cucleotide
C. thymine nucleotide
D. uracil nucleotide
9. Which nucleotide would occupy box 9?
Answer: C
10. Which nucleotide would occupy box 10?
Answer: D
11. Which nucleotide would occupy box 11?
Answer: C
12. Which nucleotide would occupy box 12?
Answer: B
13. Which nucleotide would occupy box 13?
Answer: D
14. Which nucleotide would occupy box 14?
Answer: D
15. The nucleotide strand represented by 15 is
A. tRNA
B. rRNA
C. mRNA
D. ATP
Answer: A
16. The DNA of an elephant and the DNA of a cherry tree will most likely differ in all of the following respects EXCEPT
A. the kinds of genes for which the DNA codes
B. the kinds of nucleotides utilized in forming DNA
C. the number of DNA molecules
D. the length of DNA molecules
Answer: B
17. Protein synthesis consists of all of the following steps EXCEPT
A. replication
B. transcription
C. translation
D. elongation
Answer: A
18. The genetic instructions for forming a polypeptide chain are carried to the ribosome by the
A. tRNA
B. rRNA
C. mRNA
D. DNA
Answer: C
19. In bacteria, a small circle of DNA found outside the main chromosome is called a
A. plasmid
B. cDNA
C. RFLP
D. PCR
Answer: A
20. Genetic variation can be introduced into bacteria by all of the following methods EXCEPT
A. transfer of DNA between bacteria through pili
B. DNA amplification
C. mutation
D. transformation
Answer: B
21. All viruses consist of
A. DNA and a protein coat
B. RNA and a protein coat
C. a nucleic acid and a protein coat
D. proteins and polysaccharides
Answer: C
22. The mRNA actively being translated in the cytoplasm would have all of the following EXCEPT
A. a poly-A tail
B. a 5` cap
C. exons
D. introns
Answer: D
23. The lac operon in E.coli is involved in
A. regulating the expression of a gene
B. regulating the translation of mRNA
C. controlling the formation of ribosomes
D. controlling DNA replication
Answer: A
Chpt 10
which of the following was most responsible for ending chemical evolution?
A. natural selection
B. heterotrophic prokaryotes
C. photosynthesis
D. the absence of oxygen in the atmosphere
Answer: C
2. Which of the following generates the formation of adaptations?
A. genetic drift
B. mutations
C. sexual reproduction
D. natural selection
Answer: D
3. The B blood-type allele probably originated in Asia and subsequently spread to Europe and other regions of the world. This is an example of
A. natural selection
B. genetic drift
C. gene flow
D. sexual reproduction
Answer: C
4. The appearance of a new mutation is
A. a random event
B. the result of natural selection
C. the result of sexual reproduction
D. usually a beneficial event
Answer: A
5. Which of the following is an example of sexual selection?
A. dark-colored peppered moths in London at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
B. the mane of a lion
C. insecticide resistance in insects
D. Darwin’s finches in the Galapagos Islands
Answer: B
6. After test-cross experiments, it was determined that the frequencies of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive individuals for a particular trait were 32%, 64%, and 4%, respectively. The dominant and recessive allele frequencies
A. are 0.2 and 0.8, respectively
B. are 0.32 and 0.68 respectively
C. are 0.36 and 0.64 respectively
D. cannot be determined because the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Answer: D
7. Cepaea nemoralis is a land snail. Individual snails have shells with zero to five dark bands on a yellow, pink, or dark brown background. The various shell patterns could have occurred by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. convergent evolution
B. natural selection
C. a balanced polymorphism
D. chance
Answer: A
8.All of the following are homologous structures EXCEPT
A. a bird wing
B. a butterfly wing
C. a human arm
D. a penguin flipper
Answer: B
A. bottleneck
B. adaptive radiation
C. directional selection
D. sexual reproduction
9. Because of human predation, the sizes of and genetic variation in populations of most whale species are declining
Answer: A
10. Progeny possesses new combinations of alleles every generation
Answer: D
11. Many strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, are resistant to standard drug therapy
Answer: C
12. There are more than 750,000 named species of insects inhabiting a wide range of habitats.
Answer: B
13. All of the following are examples of evolution EXCEPT
A. mutations in an individual
B. changes in an allele frequency in a population
C. changes in an allele frequeny in a species
D. divergence of a species into two species
Answer: A
