한만위쌤
Chpt 12
which of the following contributes most to the movement of water from roots to leaves?
A. osmotic pressure
B. plasmodesmata in phloem cells
C. phloem cells
D. transpiration
Answer: D
2. All of the following contribute to flowering mechanisms EXCEPT
A. photoperiodism
B. chlorophyll
C. length of night or day light
D. phtyochrome
Answer: B
3. During the middle of the night, a flowering plant was exposed to a sequence of red and far-red light in the following order; red, far-red, red. All of the following are true EXCEPT
A. The active form of phytochrome is Pfr
B. High levels of Pfr would exist at the end of the sequence
C. Low levels of Pr would exist at the end of the sequence
D. In short-day plants, flowering would be induced.
Answer: D
4. When stomata are open, one would likely find
A. CO2 levels in the leaf are low
B. The guard cells are relaxed
C. The environment is excessively hot and dry
B. It is night
Answer: A
5. Ripening of fruit is promoted by
A. florigen
B. phytochrome
C. ethylene
D. gibberellins
Answer: C
6. All of the following occur in a phototropic response EXCEPT
A. Shoots bend toward light
B. Auxin is produced at the shoot tip and diffuses down the stem
C. Auxin accumulates on the shady side of the shoot
D. The movement of auxin down a stem is by active transport
Answer: B
7. The absorptive surface area of roots is increased by the presence of
A. mycorrhizae
B. stomata
C. predatory ants
D. a cuticle
Answer: A
8. Rates of transpiration are influenced by all of the following EXCEPT
A. leaf surface area
B. leaf orientation
C. phloem cell density
D. cuticle thickness
Answer: C
9. All of the following contribute to establishing tension in xylem EXCEPT
A. air bubbles
B. adhesion properties of water
C. cohesion properties of water
D. transpiration
Answer: A
Chpt 13
A nerve impulse is usually transmitted from a motor neuron to a muscle
AA. by acetylcholine
B. by an action potential
C. by Ca2+
D. through a reflex are
Answer: A
2. What occurs in neurons during the refractory period following an action potential?
A. Na+ moves across the neuron membrane from outside to inside through Na+ voltage-gated ion channels
B. Na+ moves across the neuron membrane from inside to outside through Na+ voltage-gated ion channels
C. The Na+ voltage-gated ion channels are inactivated and there is no movement of Na+ across the membrane
D. the outside of the membrane becomes more negative with respect to the inside
Answer: C
3. If only K+ gates open on the postsynaptic membrane, then
A. the postsynaptic membrane releases a neurotransmitter
B. an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is established
C. the postsynaptic neuron is stimulated
D. the postsynaptic neuron is inhibited
Answer: D
4. Which of the following initiates an attack against a specific antigen or pathogen?
A. complement
B. plasma cells
C. interferon
D. macrophages
Answer: B
5. Which of the following would be activated first in response to a body cell that has been invaded by a virus?
A. cytotoxic T cells
B. natural killer cells
C. antibodies
D. macrophages
Answer: A
6. All of the following are insolved in the regulation of blood glucose concentration EXCEPT
A. glucagon
B. insulin
C. the liver
D. HGH
Answer: D
7. Body temperature can be increased by all of the following EXCEPT
A. muscle contractions
B. drinking alcohol, which results in vasodilation
C. increasing metabolic activity
D. reducing blood flow to ears
Answer: B
8. All of the following are examples of countercurrent exchange EXCEPT
A. movement of blood through the fins and tails of marine mammals
B. the loop of Henie in the nephron
C. gas exchange in fish gills
D. gas exchange in human lungs
Answer: D
9. Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood
A. as CO2
B. as HCO3-
C. attached to hemoglobin
D. attached to the membranes of erythrocytes
Answer: B
10. Gas diffusion in human lungs occurs across membranes of
A. alveoli
B. bronchi
C. the diaphragm
D. the larynx
Answer: A
11. Which of the following would normally contain blood with the least amount of oxygen?
A. the left ventricle
B. the left atrium
C. the pulmonary veins
D. the pulmonary arteries
Answer: D
12. Systolic blood pressure is maintained by the
A. left atrium
B. right atrium
C. left ventricle
D. right ventricle
Answer: C
13. In some areas of human circulatory system, arteries branch into capillaries, merge into veins, then branch into capillaries a second time, before merging again into veins and returning to the heart. All of the following organs are found in such double capillary bed circuits EXCEPT
A. the anterior pituitary gland
B. the glomerulus
C. the hypothalamus
D. the lungs
Answer: D
14. Which of the following is an example of an excretory mechanism?
A. antibodies
B. the digestive tract
C. flame cells
D. neurosecretory cells
Answer: C
15. When the filtrate moves through the nephron, solutes
A. become less concentrated as they move ddown the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
B. become less concentrated as they move up the asecending limb of the loop of Henle
C. become less concentrated as they move down the collecting duct
D. are most concentrated when they enter the Bowman’s capsule
Answer: B
16. Which of the following stimulates the production of more concentrated urine?
A. thyroxin
B. Antidiuretic hormone(ADH)
C. insulin
D. glucagon
Answer: B
17. In humans, digestion occurs in all of the following locations EXCEPT
A. the duedenum
B. the mouth
C. the pancreas
D. the small intestine
Answer: C
18. Which of the following is a digestive enzyme found in the stomach?
A. trypsin
B. secretin
C. pepsin
D. bile
Answer: C
19. All of the following are involved in the contraction of muscle cells EXCEPT
A. actin
B. cAMP
C. myosin
D. tropomyosin
Answer: B
20. Which of the following is the last step leading up to muscle contraction that occurs just before a myofibril contracts?
A. Tropomyosin exposes binding sites on actin
B. ATP binds to pyosin
C. sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+
D. ATP is converted to ADP+P
Answer: A
Chpt 14
Oogenesis in human begins
A. during embrtonic development
B. at birth
C. at puberty
D. monthly during the menstrual cycle
Answer: A
A. testosterone
B. progesterone
C. luteinizing hormone(LH)
D. follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)
2. stimulates ovulation
Answer: C
3. Promotes the development of the endometrium
Answer: B
4. Follicles secrete this hormone
Answer: B
5. Stimulates the testes to produce androgens
Answer: C
6. The axes of an embryo is influenced by the distribution of
A. microRNAs
B. the gray crescent
C. GnRH
D. morphogens
Answer: D
7. DNA methylation is responsible for
A. activating transcription factors
B. initiating apoptosis
C. initiating DNA replication
D. inhibiting DNA expression
Answer: D
Chpt 15
All of the following may be associated with mating behavior EXCEPT
A. aggressive behavior
B. releaser pheromones
C. search image
D. territoriality
Answer: C
2. Wild Japanese monkeys were fed wheat that was scattered on the beach. This required the monkeys to collect that wheat one grain at a time from among the sand grains. One monkey discovered that by throwing a handful of sand and wheat into the ocean, the sand would sink and the wheat would float. The monkey could then easily collect the wheat. This learning technique is best described as
A. classical conditioning
B. instinct
C. observational learning
D. trial-and-error learning
Answer: D
3. As described in question 2, wild Japanese monkeys were fed wheat that was scattered on the beach. One monkey discovered that by throwing a handful of sand and wheat into the ocean, the sand would sink and the wheat would foat. Soon, other monkeys in the troop were separating the sand and the wheat in the same manner. The learning technique of these other monkeys is best described as
A. classical conditioning
B. imprinting
C. instinct
D. observational learning
Answer: D
4. A cat runs into the kitchen in response to the sound of a can opener. This is an example of
A. associative learning
B. extinction
C. habituation
D. imprinting
Answer: A
5. As a kitten, a cat was fed canned cat food and would run into the kitchen when it heard the sound of the can opener. As an adult, the cat was fed only dry food from a bag and no longer responded to can opener sounds. This is an exmaple of
A. associative learning
B. extinction
C. habituation
D. maturation
Answer: B
6. Some species of birds that migrate at night use the night sky as a compass. If juvinile birds are raised under an artificial night sky with no stars(or with major stars missing) for several months after hatching, they are unable to migrate in the correct direction. This is an example of
A. extinction
B. imprinting
C. habituation
D. maturation
Answer: B
7. Young sea gull chicks crouch in their nest when any bird flies overhead. Older chicks crouch only when an unfamiliar bird flies overhead. This is an example of
A. associative learning
B. extinction
C. habituation
D. maturation
Answer: C
Chpt 16
A group of interbreeding individuals occupying the same area is best called
A. a community
B. a population
C. an ecosystem
D. a symbiotic relationship
Answer: B
6-7 refer to a population of 500 that experiences 55 births and 5 deaths during a one-year period
6. What is the reproductive rate for the population during the one-year period
A. 0.01/year
B. 0.05/year
C. 0.1/year
D. 50/year
Answer: C
7. If the population maintains the current growth pattern, a plot of its growth would resemble
A. expoenetial growth
B. fluctuating growth
C. K-selected growth
D. logistic growth
Answer: A
A. commensalism
B. mutualism
C. batesian mimicry
D. mullerian mimicry
8. Burr-bearing seeds that are dispersed by clinging to the fur of certain mammals do not harm or help the mammals
Answer: A
9. The monarch and viceroy butterflies both have orange wings with the same distinctive black markings. When the monarch caterpillar feeds on milkweed, a toxic plant, it stores the toxins, making both the monarch caterpillar and butterfly unpalatable and toxic. The viceroyy caterpillar feeds on nontoxic plants
Answer: C
10. Oxpeckers are birds that ride rhinoceroses and other ungulates and eat various skin parasites such as ticks.
Answer: B
11. Several species of brightly colored, harmless snakes look like poisnonous coral snakes
Answer: D
12. Several species of brightly colored, harmless snakes look like poisonous coral snakes
Answer: C
13. All of the following kinds of plants or animals characterize the initial stage of succession EXCEPT
A. r-selected species
B. species with good dispersal ability
C. species that can tolerate the poor growing conditions
D. species that invest large amounts of resources or time into development of progeny
Answer: D
14. Primary succession would occur on a
A. meadow destroyed by flood
B. meadow destroyed by overgrazing
C. newly created volcanic island
D. section of a forest destroyed by an avalanche
Answer: C
15. All of the following increase the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere EXCEPT
A. photosynthesis
B. slash-and-burn clearing of tropical rain forests
C. burning of fossil fuels
D. burning of wood for cooking and heating
Answer: A
16. Nitrogen becomes available to plants by all of the following processes EXCEPT
A. ammonification
B. denitrification by denitrifying bacteria
C. nitrification by infecting bacteria
D. nitrogen fixation in plant nodules
Answer: B
diatoms — oysters — humans
17. In the above food chain, oysters represent
A. detritivores
B. herbivores
C. primary carnivores
D. secondary consumers
Answer: B
pyramid of biomass
18. In which trophic level would the biological magnification of the pesticide
DDT be most evident?
A. phytoplankton
B. filter feeding fish
C. predator fish
D. pelicans
Answer: D
